Drilling Bit Types and Drilling Bit Selections
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Currently inside the drilling industry, there's 2 main categories of drilling bits: rolling cutter bits and fixed cutter bits. Plus, bit sizes consist of 3-7/8 inch to 36 inches.
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1. Rolling Cutter Drilling Bits
Rolling cutter bits, which some might also call roller cone bits or tri-cone bits, have three cones. Each cone could be rotated individually if the drill string rotates one's body of the bit. The cones have roller bearings fitted during the time of assembly. The rolling cutting bits enable you to drill any formations when the proper cutter, bearing, and nozzle are selected.
There's 2 types of them which can be milled-tooth and tungsten carbide inserts. These bits are classified by how the teeth are designed:
1.1 Milled-Tooth
Milled-tooth bits have steel tooth cutters, that happen to be fabricated as parts of the cone body. The bits cut or gouge formations out if they're being rotated. One's teeth vary in size and shape, with respect to the formation. The following guidelines demonstrate you kind of teeth that you need to select to check with the formations.
Soft formation: One's teeth should be long, slender and widely spaced. These teeth will produce freshly broken cuttings from soft formations.
Hard formation: The teeth should be short and closely spaced. These teeth will produce smaller, more rounded, crushed, and ground cuttings from hard formations.
1.2. Tungsten Carbide Insert (TCI) or Insert
Tungsten Carbide Insert (TCI) or Insert bits have tungsten carbide inserts (teeth) which might be pressed into the bit cones. The inserts have a lot of shapes such as long-extension shapes, round shaped inserts, etc.
Teeth of the bits are different depending on the formation as follows:
Soft formation: Long-extension, chisel shape inserts
Hard formation: Short-extension, rounded inserts
2. Fixed Cutter Drilling Bits
Fixed cutter bits incorporate bit bodies and cutting elements integrated using the bit bodies. The fixed cutter bits are designed to excavate holes by shearing formations as opposed to cutting or gouging formations, for example rolling cutter bits. These bits don't have moving parts for example cones or bearings. The components of bits consist of bit bodies fabricated from steel or tungsten carbide alloy and glued blades integrated with abrasion-resistant cutters. The cutters in the bits that are available in the marketplace are Polycrystalline Diamond Cutters (PDC) and natural or synthetic diamond cutters.
Nowadays, with the improvement that have been produced in fixed cutter bit technology, the PDC bits can drill just about any kind of formations from soft to hard formation. However, if you intend to drill quite difficult formations, you might consider utilising diamond bits instead.